They sat together,__carefully the blueprint of the buildig.有四个选项,请问选那个,A.adn study B.to study.C.studing.Dand studying有没有一个很好的方法,来区分,什么时候用现在分词,什么时候该用不定式呢

They sat together,__carefully the blueprint of the buildig.有四个选项,请问选那个,A.adn study B.to study.C.studing.Dand studying有没有一个很好的方法,来区分,什么时候用现在分词,什么时候该用不定式呢
They sat together,__carefully the blueprint of the buildig.
有四个选项,请问选那个,A.adn study B.to study.
C.studing.Dand studying
有没有一个很好的方法,来区分,什么时候用现在分词,什么时候该用不定式呢

They sat together,__carefully the blueprint of the buildig.有四个选项,请问选那个,A.adn study B.to study.C.studing.Dand studying有没有一个很好的方法,来区分,什么时候用现在分词,什么时候该用不定式呢
这个属于“非谓语动词”的主动形式.
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）,即动词的非谓语形式.非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分.
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化.例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词）,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中作状语.
（4）谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.
(5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语.
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.
1．动名词的形式： Ving
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会.
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣.
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染.
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认）,deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作.
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后.
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着.
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.
③作方式状语,表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员.
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心.
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住.
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了.
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.
注意：be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等.
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次.
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞

c语法我不太搞的 清楚但我知道句子已经有谓语了 这里要用非谓语 动作和主语之间 是主动关系 所以用ING

C 现在分词表伴随