詹姆斯·库克（James Cook）英国的探险家、航海家和制图学家的英文简介,

詹姆斯·库克（James Cook）英国的探险家、航海家和制图学家的英文简介,
詹姆斯·库克（James Cook）英国的探险家、航海家和制图学家的英文简介,

詹姆斯·库克（James Cook）英国的探险家、航海家和制图学家的英文简介,
Captain James Cook FRS RN (27 October 1728 (O.S.) – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer,navigator and cartographer.Ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy,Cook made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean,achieving the first European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia,the European discovery of the Hawaiian Islands,and the first recorded circumnavigation and mapping of Newfoundland and New Zealand.
After service in the British merchant navy as a teenager,he joined the Royal Navy in 1755,seeing action in the Seven Years' War,and subsequently surveying and mapping much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege of Quebec.This allowed General Wolfe to make his famous stealth attack on the Plains of Abraham,and helped to bring Cook to the attention of the Admiralty and Royal Society at a crucial moment both in his personal career and in the direction of British overseas discovery,and led to his commission as commander of HM Bark Endeavour and the first of his three Pacific voyages in 1766.
Cook accurately charted many areas and recorded several islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time.His achievements can be attributed to a combination of seamanship,superior surveying and cartographic skills,courage in exploring dangerous locations to confirm the facts (for example dipping into the Antarctic circle repeatedly and exploring around the Great Barrier Reef),ability to lead men in adverse conditions,and boldness both with regard to the extent of his explorations and his willingness to exceed the instructions given to him by the Admiralty.
Cook died in Hawaii in a fracas with Hawaiians during his third exploratory voyage in the Pacific in 1779.