读书的启示 散文注意：不是读后感!是读书启示题材——散文或议论文重点：今明两天就要!

读书的启示 散文注意：不是读后感!是读书启示题材——散文或议论文重点：今明两天就要!
读书的启示 散文
注意：不是读后感!
是读书启示
题材——散文或议论文
重点：今明两天就要!

读书的启示 散文注意：不是读后感!是读书启示题材——散文或议论文重点：今明两天就要!
高尔基曾经说过：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯”.这名话告诉我们：要想进步,就必须多看书,多读书,因为书是人类走向成功之路的重要一步.冰心奶奶也说过：“读书好,多读书,读好书”.由此看来,那些著名的文学家,之所以这么有文采,也是因为他们热爱看书,把读书当做出生活中的一种乐趣.其实,在我成长的过程中也离不开书.
　　在我伊呀学语的时候,爸爸妈妈经常给我讲一些有趣的故事伴我入睡,我做的梦都是那些童话中的人物,梦见它们正向我招手哩!于是我经常缠着爸爸妈妈讲故事!
　　在我上幼儿园的时候,我学会了识字,基本上可以自己看书了,于是爸妈给我买了许多故事书,如：《格林童话》、《安徒生童话》……我会为书中的小红帽打败大灰狼而高兴,为灰姑娘悲惨的处境而悲伤,痛恨虐待灰姑娘的后母和姐姐们,但在童话的世界里,我感到无比的快乐.
　　上了小学,我不再专注于那些童话书了,而是把目光转向了那些名著、小说……之类的书.我喜欢JK罗琳的《哈利·波特》,里面神奇的魔法世界深深地把我吸引了,我还喜欢高尔基的《童年》,这本书让我懂得了人生的艰辛,体会到成的艰难,同时也被主人在苦难中长大,在苦难中变得坚强所鼓舞,从而我也变成了一个意志坚强的人.
　　在我看过的书中,我最喜欢的一本书是《大人物小故事》,这本书主要讲述着一群为人类做出伟大贡献的大人物勤奋学习的故事.读了这本书,我真是受益匪浅,明白了一个道理：大人物其实个个都是普普通通的人,他们之所以是大人物,是因为他们成长的过程比我们经历了更多的艰难和磨练.看来要成为大人物,可不是一件容易的事,必须好好学习,多看书.
　　大家别看我上初中了,学习任务很重,可我仍然每天抽30分钟看课外书,最近我正在看《初中生作文》,里面写了许多优美的文章,使我的写作水平有所提高呢!
　　同学们,“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”.书是知识的源泉,书是智慧的宝库,相信在大家的成长道路上,一定有书的陪伴吧!
　　在我成长的道路中,书籍真的给我带来了许多帮助,它早成为我生活中不可缺少的一部分.同时,书中的知识和道理让我长大了.
　　书籍伴我成长.

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读书的启示

读书是人类的专利，人类创造了书籍这种方式，用来传承知识，积累文化，涵养情志，使新一代的知识起点承接在上一代的知识终点上，步步登高，走向辉煌。如果到动物园，看见猴子拿着书来读，那大家会感到很滑稽；但是如果看见小孩拿书来读，那大家都会去称赞他，觉得他有出息。这就是说，书把人与猴子分了类。
中国从南北朝以来，就有给周岁的小孩“抓周”的民间风俗：在小孩面前摆...

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读书的启示

读书是人类的专利，人类创造了书籍这种方式，用来传承知识，积累文化，涵养情志，使新一代的知识起点承接在上一代的知识终点上，步步登高，走向辉煌。如果到动物园，看见猴子拿着书来读，那大家会感到很滑稽；但是如果看见小孩拿书来读，那大家都会去称赞他，觉得他有出息。这就是说，书把人与猴子分了类。
中国从南北朝以来，就有给周岁的小孩“抓周”的民间风俗：在小孩面前摆上书籍、笔墨、玩具等小物品，从他抓取什么上预测他的性情、志趣或未来的前程。《红楼梦》里贾宝玉“抓周”，面前的书籍、笔墨、乌纱帽一概不取，伸手只把些脂粉钗环抓来，气得贾政老爷大骂他“将来酒色之徒耳”。如果他抓了书籍官帽，全家都会欢天喜地的。所以人创造了文字，进而形成了书册典籍，这就成为人创造文明、发展文明的一个重要手段和基本标志。
书可以是上下数千年、远近数万里的人写成的，但读书可以超越时空界限，可以与人类文明进行无障碍对话。今天可以同李白、杜甫对话，明天可以同荷马、但丁对话，只有人才能享受这种无障碍对话的读书乐趣。书籍积累、交流、传播着知识，日久天长，川流不息，它已经积累、交流、传播成现代知识社会，因此，在现代社会不读书的人不能成为一个完整意义上的人。
读书是开发和释放中国人力潜力的重要途径
中国是一个人口众多的国家。怎么样把我们人口的资源转化为人才的资源，是我国现代化发展的重要问题。在这一点上，教育的普及和读书风气的普及，将是关系到民族的素质和国运兴衰的一件大事。
我出生在广东电白县，是整个乡里第一代小学生。同学里面，有许多人因为家境贫困，父母过早让他们回家务农了。我的父亲勒紧裤腰带也让我去读书，能读到哪一步就支持我读到哪一步，所以才读到有考大学的机会。中国农村教育普及，应该当作开发人才很重要的方法。
当时我在广东农村小学，除了学校功课之外，能够接触到的书籍，就是一本《千家诗》和一本《古文观止》，还有乡村木偶戏，比如《罗通扫北》、《薛仁贵征东》、《薛丁山征西》、《五虎平南》。我父亲读过两年私塾，因为要种地，他两年私塾读得断断续续，不如人家两个月时间，但是《千家诗》、《论语》、《孟子》这些他当时都会背，而且是古腔古调地吟哦，使我受到最初的诗词音律和经典文化的启蒙。农村读书条件差，诱惑也少，不像现在有些青少年那样迷恋电子游戏，因而注意力比较集中。只要我们做有心人，能充分发挥有限的学习条件给我们提供的可能性，自小就形成浓郁的读书趣味，经过锲而不舍、日积月累，是可以发展成专门的知识系统的。
譬如《千家诗》，上图下文的版式很能吸引阅读兴趣，第一首程颢的《春日偶成》，什么“云淡风轻近午天，随花傍柳过前川”；还有朱熹的《春日》，“胜日寻芳泗水滨，无边光景一时新”；以及苏东坡的《春宵》，“春宵一刻值千金，花有清香月有阴”等等。这样的诗把它背下来，就知道了过去诗歌的音律声情之美。小时候读《千家诗》是音调把我领入门的，这一点可能会发展成为以后诗歌研究的新视角。
读《古文观止》没有读《千家诗》那么轻松，轻松可以刺激兴趣，沉闷可以磨炼毅力。对于读书而言，毅力和兴趣同等重要，甚至更为重要。有毅力就能深入到文章的妙境当中，也能激发出更深沉耐久的兴趣。比如读骆宾王为徐敬业写的《讨武瞾檄》，就可以从它蕴含的历史典故中找到兴趣。据说武则天读到“入门见嫉，蛾眉不肯让人；掩袖工谗，狐媚偏能惑主”，只是笑笑；但是读到“一抔之土未干，六尺之孤安在”，说的是高宗皇帝尸骨未寒，但是中宗——武则天的儿子，六尺之孤现在在哪里呢？给武则天夺了他的权了。读到这个地方，就触动了武则天敏感的神经，她就很不高兴，说我们的丞相为什么不发现和收罗这样的人才？古诗文往往把我们带入了一个掌故的世界，据说一些老先生学问好，就因为他懂很多与诗文相关的轶闻传说、故实原委。
过去文学史不怎么写掌故，我主张写，这可以增加文学史的史料厚度和阅读趣味。当然，有些掌故考证起来可能有问题，但你对它的虚构成分心中有数，反而可以扩展阐释的空间。为什么历史上没有这件事，有人却要杜撰这件事，这本身可能就是个精神史的问题。
比如贺知章金龟换酒跟李白同喝，这个掌故见于唐人写的《本事诗》，根据是李白写的《对酒忆贺监》：“四明有狂客，风流贺季真。长安一相见，呼我谪仙人。昔好杯中物，今为松下尘。金龟换酒处，却忆泪沾巾。”现在看贺知章诗的成就还不如李白，他用金龟换酒跟李白一起喝，不是很正常的事情吗？李白为什么如此感激涕零呢？实际上我们如果还原到这个掌故当时发生的情形，就颇有意味了。贺知章是70多岁的秘书监，比李大40岁，部长级干部。李白一个文学青年30多岁写了几首诗，第一次到长安，在小旅馆里住，一个70多岁部长级干部，三品官员，到旅馆去看他，而且解下自己的金龟（唐朝是三品以上官员佩带金龟，四品银龟，五品铜龟），就像将军把自己的徽章拿下，做抵押去换酒陪你喝，称赞李白是天上被贬谪到人间的仙人。可以看出，盛唐时期的诗和酒打破了官本位的等级制度，这种文明共享的情景在后世的唯官是崇、见钱眼开的世俗体制中是难以想象的。
我小学三四年级就读《三国演义》。读这部书，就懂得“天下大势，分久必合，合久必分”。像周作人讲《中国新文学的源流》，他把古代言志的文学、载道的文学的起伏，说成是构成整个中国文学史的脉络：言志是个性的、抒情的，载道是政治的、说教的，两种文学互相起伏，构成文学史。他没有什么理论根据，就是根据《三国演义》讲的“分久必合，合久必分”这么一个历史循环的理论。所以，一个人小时候接触的书籍，都可能埋下一些种子，这些种子有可能刺激日后作为一个有心人继续读书和思考问题的兴趣，也就可能发芽生长成一个专门的学问体系。人的内在潜能是多方面的，要从不同角度开发自己的潜能。
读书是一种终生的旅行、终生的事业
知识和学问是无限的，生命是有限的，解决这个矛盾，就要持之以恒，把读书作为终生的习惯。
欧阳修曾经说到他最好的文章是什么时候写出来的。他提出“三上”的说法：枕上，马上，厕上。他平时对文章苦苦思虑，全神贯注，才能在不经意中灵感突然袭来。不是书要我去读，而是我要读书，永远当主语的人是大写的人。条件人人有差别，读书的欲望全然在我们自己，要充分挖掘、发挥你遇到的每个机遇所提供的可能。
我现在在自己的工作领域取得了些成绩，就是懂得如何通过自己切实的努力，一步一个脚印地向前走的人。这种走路方法，也就只有方向，没有终点。
学习的欲望是一种知不足而求足的欲望。要保持这欲望，使它长盛不衰，在一些关键时刻就要超越种种精神障碍，处劣势时发现自己的优势，翻过一面看问题。
刚上大学的时候，上海、北京的同学，一开口就托尔斯泰、巴尔扎克，什么普希金、高尔基，而我在农村里只知道《说唐》里面李元霸是第一条好汉。对于自己与城市同学的知识落差，感到有些悲观。《琵琶记》中有句话：“不如意事常八九，可与人言无二三。”人生不可能一路坦途，可贵的是在忧患中不损志气，遇到坎坷就翻过一面看自己。在后来的学习过程中，我竟然跟城市里的同学考得分数差不多，说明我在同等条件下更有潜力。翻过一面看自己，不要只看到自己的劣势，要看到自己还有潜力。我想，这种翻转式思维大概也是一种智慧，可以激发出一种精神力量，知不足而思补足，化劣势为另一个角度的优势。世界上没有绝对的优势和劣势，就看你如何对待和处理。处置有方，这才是最要紧的。
自己是自身潜力的载体，潜力的释放，精神的解放，自己最知深浅，自己最知可能。所以，首先要有自己主体性的觉悟。最可怕者，是折断自己的主心骨。开拓可以认识自己的潜力。别人用8个小时读书，你花上10个小时读书，把应该读的文献都梳理一遍，才能在学科领域获得充分的发言权。同时，建立自己的信心。
有的人知识比较系统，本是好事，但是写文章容易落入教科书框套。有的人知识比较芜杂，本是坏事，却往往有自己的体会，不入框套，一旦成熟，就多少有点创造性。这很重要。研究工作贵在创新，如果别人怎么讲你就照着讲，是不可取的。所以，要善于发现自己的精神优势，欣赏和发挥自己的这种优势，把它落实到刻苦上，建立学术上有根柢的创新机制。
我写小说史读了近两千多种书，也是因为有北京的各家图书馆，还有中国社科院文学所的图书馆，它的藏书为地方图书馆所不及。守着文学所的50万专业藏书，而不认真读书，实在有点像杜牧所形容的“浮生却似冰底水，日夜东流人不知”了。
围绕着一些有价值的、有兴趣的领域，对与它相关的各种材料进行竭泽而渔式的阅读，相互比较揣摩，从它们之间微妙的差别、不同层面的变化、甚至相反相成中，发现深层的文化意义和精神体验。这样，你的思想就自由了，你就有了发言权。因为人家没读的你读了，人家没读那么多而你读了那么多，人家没注意到的你注意了。
作为专业化读书方式的竭泽而渔，是耐人寻味的。泽中有水，甚至混有泥泞，不易看清鱼的真面目。要把这水呀、泥呀排尽，以便把鱼通通捉到，就要寻找到排水的有效方法和渠道。
比如籍贯在我们广东省番禺县的现代女作家凌叔华，一些作家词典和文学史说，她父亲凌福彭出身翰苑，当过保定知府，这就泥水浑浊，难辨真假。怎样排除浊水，去伪存真？就需要找出有效的渠道。渠道之一，凌福彭既然出身翰苑，就应该查一下清朝后期历科进士的名录。一查《明清进士题名碑录》，“鱼”就浮出水面了：他是光绪21年（1895）乙未科第二甲第三名进士。渠道之二，他既然当过知府以上官员，《清代职官年表》应该有他的记载，一查就明白，他当的不是保定知府，而是顺天府尹，即北京市长。宣统元年（1909）晋升为直隶布政使，直隶省的行政财务省长，由正三品升为从二品，地位比从四品的知府显要得多了。渠道之三，既然他的籍贯是番禺，就有必要查一查，清光绪年间编撰的《番禺县续志》，连她的祖父、曾祖父作为知名乡绅行善积福、创制器具的材料都找出不少。我和客居英国伦敦的凌叔华通过信，她并不知道这些县志材料。如果我们还能找到凌叔华的自传体长篇小说《古韵》（AncientMelodies），然后再去阅读她早期的小说，对于鲁迅评价她“大抵是很谨慎的，适可而止地描写了旧家庭中的婉顺的女性”，展示了“世态的一角，高门世族的精魂”——就可以获得更深刻的领会了。
“竭泽而渔”，是陈垣先生倡导的治学方法，他当过北师大的校长，是与陈寅恪齐名的历史学家。他的《元也里可温教考》等文章，堪称竭泽而渔治学方法的典范。他为了搞清《元史》中不时出现的“也里可温”这个词的含义，就把210卷的《元史》全部读了一遍，把所有“也里可温”的条目全都抄录下来，然后把蒙古白话写成的《圣旨碑》和其他元代书籍里有关“也里可温”的材料进行参证，终于发现“也里可温”就是元朝基督教各种派别的总称。前辈学者这种见疑不放，对于有价值的、但别人不甚经意的疑难问题穷追不舍，从不一知半解，舍得竭泽而渔的治学精神，是很值得我们尊敬和学习的。

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你可以到 十指文集网 看看，那里有很多这一类的散文