介词和副词是什么?

介词和副词是什么?
介词和副词是什么?

介词和副词是什么?
介词in out on down up updown above with about to
副词：英语中有一些表示方式、 程度的副词具有两种形式.如late,lately；
high,highly；slow,showly等 等.在这些词当中,两种不同形式所表达的含
义有的完全不同,有的很相似,而有的却完全一致.这就给人们 使用这些词时
带来一定的麻烦.特别是在学生中间,总免不了使用时的混淆.笔者想就此问题
分类作一点探讨 .
（一）本类词有hard,hardly；late,lately；most,mostly等等,这两
种副词形式含义完全不同,所以 ,使用时不易引起混淆.
1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活.
He hardly works at all.他很少干活.
2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了.
Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?
3.The person who talks most is often the one who doesleast.说得最
多的人常常干得最少.
The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的.
4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of
Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京 ,而是绕道上海.
He will be here directly.他马上就来.
5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住.
Make a right turn shortly beyond the village.村前不远处往右拐.
6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前.
He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点.
7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难.
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很
漂亮.
（二）这类词主要有wide,widely；close,closely ；high,highly等
等,这两种副词形式不同,含义 也有差别,但是没有第一类的区别明显,而且
翻译成汉语时用词也很接近.所以使用时很容易混淆.这类词含 义及用法上的
主要特点是：不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测
量性和可见性；而 以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况.
这时,这些词大都具有"greatly"和"extremel y"的含义.试作如下比较：
1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看
见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞
The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬.
2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的.
We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很
大.
3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.买那个望远镜你得付
很高的价钱.
You will pay dearly for the insult.对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价.
4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着.
The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他.
5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低.
He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬.
6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水.
You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻.
7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗.
The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘
客.
8.Mr.Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大.
Mr.Cole boasted loudly of his power.科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力.
（三）这类词主要有slow,slowly；quick,quickly等等异形同义词.当
然,现代英语的语言规范性要求 用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词,但由于句子
结构以及搭配的不同,使用时也具有不同的倾向性.在此,主要 探讨一下在什
么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式.同时,把第二类中一些适应于下列规则
的词也包括进去.总的说来,倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式的情况大致有下列
四种：
Ⅰ 用作比较级或最高级时：
1.Allen was walking quickly,but George was walking evenquicker.
艾伦走得很快,但乔治走得更快 .
2.The men were quarreling loudly,but the policemenshouted louder.
那些人在大声争吵着,但 是警察喊叫得更响.
3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.
汽车走得越来越慢,最后停了下 来.
4.Let's see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快.
5.We must look closer at the problem.我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问
题.
Ⅱ 有"so"或"too"修饰时：
1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing.这一切发生得如
此之快以致于我手足无措无法 对付了.
2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能赶
上他了,你的车太慢了.
3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.别这样大声说话,孩子
已经睡了.