与友人书的翻译

与友人书的翻译
与友人书的翻译

与友人书的翻译
拜接来信,内容殷勤恳切,怜念我年龄的衰老,而痛惜我的学业没有传人,这番心意十分深厚.但是想要我仿效过去的某些先生的做法,招收门徒,树立名声,来显耀于人世,则鄙意是不愿这样干的.比如西汉时代经师的传授经书,学生常常多至千余人,其中地位高的做到三公九卿,稍次的也可以做博士,使所授的学生扬名于世,能不称为光荣么?但是班固却评之曰：“这实在是人们走做官谋利的道路造成的结果.”所以即使孔子的弟子,尚且要学求得做官之道.孔子道：“求学三年,不去求官做的人,是不容易见到的.”而况今日之世呢?
当今世上追求富贵的人,其无须依靠经术是很明白的.一年到头所学的不过是应考的时文,倘若问他经书本文,还茫茫然不知道是出于哪里的话,实在是连唐朝帖括之学的这点浅薄的记诵都丢掉了.这种根本不存心治学的风气,相沿不止一代了,何况纳财捐官的制度通行,那些目不识丁的人也可以当上府县的教官!只有贫穷而不能改业的士子,一百人中还有一两个,但又都是读书而急于求事功的一些人,希望速成而得名于世,叫他学五经可不愿学,叫他读陈白沙、王阳明的语录,却很高兴,因为袭取这些东西是很容易的.其中有些小有才华的人,颇喜欢做诗,而现在的那些诗,不用学也可以做得出来.我跑遍天下所见到的诗集和语录的刻本,堆几积案地到处皆是,简直是一片震耳的噪音,而问他们《周南》、《召南》、《雅》、《颂》的精义,却是说不出来的.在这样的时代而想贯彻我的主张,有谁肯听从呢?“高明的木匠不肯为拙劣的木工改变或放弃规矩,后羿不肯为蹩脚的射手改变其拉弓的标准.”倘若屈从世人的喜欢而自己贬低其所学,以求招揽天下的人,来张扬自己的名声,那便是歪曲真理来追随别人,那我也没有心情花这么多的闲工夫.不过学术之在天下,一定会有机会发扬,而古代君子教诲人要学习私心所仰慕的贤者,哪怕彼此相距已有百世之久也好像是同在一室似的.我所著的《日知录》三十多卷,生平的思想和学业都在这书里,只有多抄写几本,用以分赠同志,也许可以不被害怕这书会妨碍他们的那些人所消毁,而一旦有振作世道的人物出现,得以从我的书里择取一点东西,这也就可以了我一点微小的心愿了.
学术的衰败和昌盛,各有其时代的必然,倘若为了自己的追求而不求虚名,那就没有不可以自我勖勉的.鄙陋如我固执地持以不同于当今的先生们的就是上述的原因.高明的您有什么见教呢?

The letter to the friend

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