请问英语中介词的用法

请问英语中介词的用法
请问英语中介词的用法

请问英语中介词的用法
1、年月日--月日年
2003年2月1日 February 1st 2003.
2、日期中有几号的,前面用介词“on”,其余用“in”
in the spring of 1987
in 1999
in May
on May 5th
3、在具体某一天用介词on
on 用于日、周日或某日中的一段时间： on July 2 7月2日 on Sunday 在星期天 on the morning of last Sunday 上星期天早晨
in 一日中的早、下午、晚,周、季、年、世纪例如： in the afternoon 在下午 in a week 一周 in summer 在夏天
at 点钟；一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜； at six(dawn)6点钟（在黎明）如果时间词前面有next,this,last every等修饰语时,常不用介词.
介词用法知多少
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一.同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词.例如汉语中的“用”可译成：（1）用英语（in English）；（2）用小刀（with a knife）；（3）用手工（by hand）；（4）用墨水（in ink）等.所以,千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法,其实介词的用法非常广泛,搭配能力很强,越是常用的介词,其含义越多.下面就简单介绍几组近义介词的用法及其搭配方法.
一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别
1. in表示A地在B地范围之内.如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔.如：
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻.如：
North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”.如：
They arrived at a house off the main road.
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
二. at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别
1. at指时间表示：
（1）时间的一点、时刻等.如：
They came home at sunrise （at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn）.
（2）较短暂的一段时间.可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子.如：
He went home at Christmas （at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night）.
2. in指时间表示：
（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内.如：
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc
（2）在一段时间之后.一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”.如：
He will arrive in two hours.
谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”.如：
These products will be produced in a month.
注意：after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”.如：
He will arrive after two o’clock.
3. on指时间表示：
（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等.如：
On Christmas Day（On May 4th）, there will be a celebration.
（2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上.如：
He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.
（3）准时,按时.如：
If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.
4. by指时间表示：
（1）不迟于,在（某时）前.如：
He will come by six o’clock.
Jack had made some friends by the time you came.
（2）在……间,在……的时候.如：
He worked by day and slept by night.
5. through指时间意为“从……开始到结束”,此时与throughout相同.如：
We work hard all through the year.
三. near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”时的区别
1. near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远.如：
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思.如：
He was sitting beside her.
3. at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系.如：
The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.
Several students are sitting by / beside the window talking about a film.
四. at, in和on表示地点时的区别
1. at表示地点：
（1）用于指较小的地方.如：
I shall wait for you at the station.
（2）用于门牌号码前.如：
He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
2. in表示地点：
（1）用于指较大的地方.如：
He lives in Shanghai.
（2）虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in.商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点（point）用at,若看作一个场所（place）用in.如：
I met him at the post-office.
I’m now working in the post-office.
3. on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上；在……旁”.如：
The picture was hanging on the wall.
New York is on the Hudson River.
五. besides, except, except for, but表示“除……外”之间的区别
1. besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质.如：
Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）
注意：besides用于否定句中时,与except, but同义,可互换.如：
We have no other books besides / except these.
2. except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质.如：
We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.（王先生没去）
3. except for表示“除了……”,即表示除去整体中的一部分.如：
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词.如：
Nobody knew it but me.
六. above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1. above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below.如：
We’re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under.如：
The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对.如：
There is a map on the wall.
The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
4. up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down.如：
Please hang the picture up.
七. by, through, with表示“方式、方法、手段”之间的区别
1. by表方式：
（1）表示以一般的方法或方式.如：
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
（2）表示传达、传递的方式或煤介.如：
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
（3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词.如：
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面两句的区别：
Did you come by train?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有：by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
2. through表示“以；通过；经由”.如：
He succeeded through hard work.
3. with表示方式
（1）表示行为方式,意为“以；带着；用”.如：
We are well provided with food and clothing.
（2）表示使用具体的工具或手段.如：
He writes with a pen.
注意：在表示手段时,by, through, with有时也可换用,但with的意思更明确.如：
Through / By / With his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.
八. through, with, from, for, at表示原因的区别
1. through表示原因,作“因为”解,常和neglect, carelessness, mistake, fault等词连用,表示偶然或消极的原因,如疏忽、过错、不慎等.如：
He cut himself through carelessness.
The experiment failed through one fault of ours.
2. with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为；由于”.如：
The little girl was shivering with cold.
3.
from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦、死亡等原因.如：
She did it from a sense of duty.
4. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因.如：
Forgive me for keeping you waiting.
5. at表示原因,指“听到；看到；想到”等.如：
At the news they felt very glad.
九. 介词的搭配方式
1. 介词可与名词搭配.如：answer to, key to, the reason for, the cause of, advice on, by means of, lack of, a picture of等.
2. 介词可与形容词搭配.如：be afraid of, be active in, be tired of, be bored with, be prepared for, be suitable for, be familiar to / with, be free from等.
3. 介词可与动词搭配.如：talk about, prevent…from, belong to, get over, depend on, object to, refer to, look forward to, make up for, devote to等.
with , by 的用法问题
悬赏分：5 - 解决时间：2006-8-27 17:17
i was amazed with what he did.
i was amazed by what he did.
哪一个句子正确?
i was excited with what he did.
这个句子介词用的正确吗?
在用be动词和动词的过去式表示心情的时候,到底什麽时候在动词过去式的后面用by,什麽时候用with?
提问者： 岁月如song - 助理 二级
最佳答案
1. by表方式：
（1）表示以一般的方法或方式.如：
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
（2）表示传达、传递的方式或煤介.如：
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
（3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词.如：
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面两句的区别：
Did you come by train?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有：by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
2. through表示“以；通过；经由”.如：
He succeeded through hard work.
3. with表示方式
（1）表示行为方式,意为“以；带着；用”.如：
We are well provided with food and clothing.
（2）表示使用具体的工具或手段.如：
He writes with a pen.
注意：在表示手段时,by, through, with有时也可换用,但with的意思更明确.如：
Through / By / With his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.
参考资料：正确,
介词是甚么
悬赏分：0 - 解决时间：2006-11-29 08:19
说明介词短语和介词
提问者： lxzj04w44 - 魔法学徒 一级
最佳答案
介词 (preposition) 又称前置词,是英语中最活跃的词类之一,它表示的是它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系.
介词可分为下列三类：
1. 简单介词,如：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up, with
2. 合成介词,如：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
3. 短语介词,如：
according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, next to, prior to
介词不能单独充当句子成分,它必须与名词或相当于名词作用的成分构成介词短语才能充当 句子的成分.
二、介词短语的句法功能
1. 作定语,例如：
I have lost the key to the door of my room.
我把房间的钥匙丢了.
三、介词的固定搭配
1. At
be good at 精通于
be annoyed at 对……烦恼
be angry at 对 (事) ……发怒
(take) aim at 瞄准
laugh at 因……而发笑
stare at 盯着看,凝视
at the best 充其量
at first 开始
at large 自由地
at least 至少,起码
at length 最后,终于
at once 立即,马上
at present 现在
at rest 休息,静止不动
at times 间或,有时
He was angry at his brother's remark.
他对他兄弟的批评很恼火.
I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.
我不认识他,但是他盯了我足有十分钟.
The foreign countries' attempt at a blockade of the port was unsuccessful.
外国试图对这个港口实施封锁,但没有成功.
I know I am at fault.
我知道我错了.
The escaped prisoner is still at large.
那逃犯仍逍遥法外.
He is at present away on his holidays.
他现在到外地度假去了.
2. About
careful about 小心
particular about 对……讲究
careless about 粗心
doubtful about 对……怀疑
sure about 肯定
concerned about 担心
a complaint about 抱怨,叫屈
bring about 导致,引起
care about 关心,介意
leave about 乱放,乱扔
fuss about 大惊小怪
anxious about 担心,想念
例如：
How did it come about?
那事是怎样发生的?
She is crazy about pop music.
她对流行音乐着了迷.
English people are always making complaints about their weather.
英国人老是埋怨天气不好.
He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.
他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲.
Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.
哈里很爱吃,但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究.
3. Against
fight against 反对
immune against 免除……
vote against 投票反对
protect … against 保护……免受
stand against 反对,经受住
an accusation against 控制,谴责
a prejudice against 偏见,万岁
guard against 防护
protest against 反对,抗议
rise against 起来反抗
run against 对……不利,违反
strive against 和……斗争
a defence against 防护,保卫
a protest against 抗议,反对
例如：
I protest against their criticism.
我对他们的批评提出抗议.
He made a false accusation against his boss.
他诬告上司.
Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.
那些衣服不能使你御寒.
He should guard against passing on disease to his family.
他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人.
4. By
abide by 遵守
pull … by 拉住
by mistake 弄错,失误
by virtue of 靠,由于
by means of 使用
by aid of 借助于
by way of 经由
by force 以武力,强迫地
by marriage 联姻而产生的
例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.
他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人.
They sent the letter to me by mistake.
他们误把那封信送给了我.
The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns.
古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥.
By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.
由于胜利,他感到可以想干什么就干什么了.
I probably know him by sight but not by name.
我大概见面认识他,不过叫不上名字.
5. For
competent for 胜任
for good 永远
for the sake of 为……缘故
for the better 好转
for the purpose of 为……目的
for a change 改变一下
for the time being 暂时
for fear of 免得
an affection for 爱,爱情
application for 申请
(make) preparation for 为……作准备
blame for 责怪,责备
cause for 理由
readiness for 为……准备就绪
an occasion for 时机,机会
contempt for 轻蔑,藐视
a demand for 需要,需求
evidence for 证据,根据
a fondness for 喜欢
a reason for 理由,原因
a respect for 尊敬,尊重
a search for 搜寻,找寻
例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.
我愿重复一下我的开场白,以便让刚入场的人也能听到.
She got up early to be ready for the post.
为了静心等候邮件,她一早就起床了.
New York is famous for its skyscrapers.
纽约以其摩天大楼而著称.
His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.
他晚到的理由是火车晚点了.
This new school will have no playground for the time being.
这所新学校将暂时没有操场.
If one does not have respect for oneself, one can't expect others to respect him.
如果一个人不能自重,那么就别指望别人尊敬他.
Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.
没有人确切知道地球的年龄.
6. From
differ from 与……不同,相异
dismiss … from 解雇,使……离职
infer … from 从……推论出
prevent … from 阻止,防碍
protect … from 保护……以免
resign from 辞职
suffer from 受……之苦
tell … from 把……与……区分开来
from a distance 从远处,远远地
from the heart 诚心诚意地
from the first 从一开始
例如：
You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower.
你甚至可以到店里去避避雨.
From the first I disliked him.
从一开始我就不喜欢他.
The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多.
Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.
爱伦和我在同一个历史班,但他的作业跟我的不同.
assist in 帮助做某事
consist in 在于
engage in 从事,参与
give in 让步,妥协
specialize in 专攻,专门研究
take in 欺骗,收容
belief in 信仰,相信
a delight in 以……为乐
an expert in 专家,能手
in fact 事实上
in the event of 万一
in one's opinion 据……见解
in bloom 开着花
in the direction of 朝……方向
in comparison with 与……比较
in possession of 拥有,占有
in view of 由于,考虑到
in any event 无论如何
in the course of 在……过程中
in short 简言之
believe in 信仰,信赖
end in 以……告终
excel in (在某方面)突出地好
invest … in 在……投资
succeed in 在……方面获得成功
participate in 参加
confidence in 信任,相信
difficulty in 困难,困境
pleasure in 高兴
a rise in 上涨,增长
(there is no) point in (做某事没)有意义
There's no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 专家
an interest in 兴趣,关心
participation in 参加
trouble in 苦恼,麻烦
interested in 对……感兴趣
fortunate in 有幸
constant in 对……持久
lacking in 缺乏
expert in 在……熟练
confident in 信任
in time 及时
in the interest of 为了……利益
例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.
我们希望我们应再次彼此信任.
He listened in while we were discussing this question.
他窃听了我们讨论的这个问题.
In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.
总之,我是不会接受邀请的.
We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.
我们必须放弃这一计划,因为我们缺少资金.
This shop specializes in tea and coffee.
这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡.
He wants to have a rise in wages.
他想要增加工资.
In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population.
与英格兰相比,爱尔兰人口很少.
8. Into
argue … into 说服……做
frighten … into 恐吓……做
plunge into 投身于
run into 碰见
turn … into 把……变成
divide … into 把……分成
translate … into 把……翻译成
force … into 迫使……做
crash into 撞到……上
burst into 突然开始,爆发出
burst into 闯入
inquire into 调查
reason … into 说服……做
talk … into 说服……做
trick … into 诱骗……做
deceive … into 欺骗……去做
pull into 到达,开进
cut into 减轻,减少
change … into 把……变成
break into 突然闯入
例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.
一听到这一不幸消息,她突然哭了起来.
The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.
出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西.
They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.
他们吓嘘老太太签了合同.
9. Of
worthy of 值得
tired 厌倦
considerate of 体贴
aware of 知道
conscious of 认识到
proud of 骄傲
composed of 由……组成
certain of 确信
regardless of 不管
fond of 喜爱
cautious of 小心
innocent of 清白,无罪
approve of 赞成,批准
consist of 由……组成
inform … of 通知
rob … of 抢劫
convince … of 使……确信
deprive … of 剥夺,使……丧失
dispose of 处理
suspect … of 怀疑
guilty of 犯罪
ignorant of 忽视
accuse … of 控告(某人)
assure … of 使……确信
hear of 听说
remind … of 使想起,提醒
smell of 有……气味
cure … of 治愈……病
die of 死于
speak of 谈到,提及
例如：
Mr. Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.
Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.
He is worthy of the honour.
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
They deprived the criminal of his rights.
I was sick of her way of dancing.
10. To
access to 进入,通道
attention to 注意
exposure to 暴露
injury to 损伤,伤害
an objection to 反对
dedication to 献身,热爱
resistance to 阻力,抵抗
similarity to 类似,相似
similar to 相似,相同
indifferent to 不在乎
equal to 等于
devoted to 献身于
contrary to 违反,相反
adapt to 使习惯
amount to 相当于,等于
confess to 承认
owe … to 把……归功于
report to 报到
stick to 坚持
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
to one's satisfaction 使……满意
to the utmost 尽力
an attitude to 态度
(attach) importance to 重视
a limit 限制
contribution to 贡献,捐助
a disgrace to 耻辱
a response to 反应,响应
a visit to 访问,拜访
relevant to 对……有关
inferior to 比……下等
grateful to 感激
insensitive to 迟钝
parellel to 平行
add to 增加,加强
belong to 属于
lead to 导致
prefer to 宁可,更喜欢
sentence … to 宣判
turn to 求助于
to one's liking 合……胃口
to one's face 当面
to one's benefit 对……有益
to one's taste 合……胃口
例如：
He answered the questions to everybody's satisfaction.
他回答了问题,使人人都很满意.
The professor sometimes makes remarks that are not relevant to the topic.
有时候那位教授训一些跟主题无关的话题.
I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.
我反对这项计划,理由是费用过于庞大.
The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain.
由于长期淋雨,油漆脱落了.
Your computer is similar to mine.
你的计算机与我的相似.
I sympathize with her only to a certain extent.
我只是在一定程度上同情她.
He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine.
他将一生献给了医学事业.
11. On
advice on 忠告,意见
an attack on 袭击,攻击
dependence on 依靠,依赖
an emphasis on 强调,重点
(keep) an eye on 照看,注意
an influence on 影响
(have) mercy on 怜悯,对…�

上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，
收音、农场、值日o...

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上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，
收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。
特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
与之相比beside，除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。

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http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/2826963.html
http://www.hjenglish.com/doc/kywords/70102_2555.htm

如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副
词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。
早、午、晚要用in
例：in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天

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如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副
词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。
早、午、晚要用in
例：in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5