关于全球变暖的英语方面的术语

关于全球变暖的英语方面的术语
关于全球变暖的英语方面的术语

关于全球变暖的英语方面的术语
water pollution
greenhouse effect
sewage
global waming effect
Venice Sinking
Amount of Ground Level Ozone
Catalytic Converter
Protected Species
Endangered Species
Animals and the Environment
EPA
NOAA
竴绡嘩hat is Global Warming?
Global warming refers solely to the fact that the Earth's atmosphere is
warming near its surface.Simply put,it's getting hotter.The term does
not imply a cause or speak to cause.The scientific community believes
climate changes like global warming have occurred throughout Earth's
history and will continue to occur in the future.Some evidence links
global warming to solar activity; however,there are other theories as
well.
One popular theory relates to the "greenhouse effect." Gases that make up
our atmosphere are analogous to a greenhouse in that they allow sunlight
to pass through,then trap much of the heat from escaping.This naturally
occurring phenomenon keeps Earth's surface warmer than it would be
otherwise.However,human produced compounds regularly released into the
atmosphere in recent years have "thickened the greenhouse wall" beyond
naturally occurring levels.When this happens,even less heat escapes,
causing temperature to rise.This is called greenhouse warming and
results in global warming.
While the scientific community accepts global warming as a given,
greenhouse warming is more controversial.Everyone agrees that
human-produced compounds like carbon dioxide,methane,
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's),etc.are being released into the atmosphere,
yet some argue it's not clear how this factors into the changes in global
warming.
Another distinct issue commonly associated with greenhouse warming and
global warming is the ozone.Ozone is a naturally occurring gas in the
lower atmosphere that helps trap heat.The burning of fossil fuels
creates even more ozone,as ozone is one component of smog.As ozone
builds,so does trapped heat,increasing the greenhouse effect.
Additionally,ozone plays a role in the upper atmosphere where it shields
the Earth from deadly ultraviolet (UV) radiation.Unfortunately,CFC's -
the same human produced compound that acts like a greenhouse gas in the
lower atmosphere - destroy ozone.This can result in holes in our upper
ozone layer as seen over Antarctica where cold temperatures,atmospheric
circulation and other factors combine to 'draw' these ozone holes.
In conclusion,global warming and the issues surrounding it have
far-reaching implications and can significantly impact human life on many
levels.For this reason,scientists want to know how long the Earth has
been warming,at what rate is it warming,and what factors are causing
it.These answers will better prepare us to handle the effects of global
warming.
簩绡嘔s the Globe Warming?
Global warming has become the hot topic in environmental politics today.
From the Kyoto Protocols to the recent environmental summit in
Johannesburg,suddenly much is ado about something that might be nothing.
Pointing to increased iceberg sightings and American temperature
fluctuations,environmental activists blast the Bush administration
(though not Clinton,who wisely passed the buck) for failing to submit
industry to a wave of harsh regulations that would stymie the economy and
might not solve the problem,if one exists.These regulations would have
the net effect of preventing the growth of the energy industry,limiting
the energy resources available to other industries and overall resulting
in the forced cutting of costs,i.e.the jobs that millions of working
class Americans depend on.This weakening of the national economy is
supposed to be in the best interest of the world.However,the activist's
claims reside solely on two assumptions; first,that global temperatures
are rising significantly,and second,that we are causing these changes
by emitting greenhouse gases.Both are unproven.
Global warming is a phenomenon of rising average global temperatures that
will lead to melting ice caps,higher seas,distorted weather patterns,
and according to environmental activists,the end of the world.Is this
happening?The answer is a definite maybe.There is certainly evidence of
changing global climate patterns.Increasingly severe storms,droughts,
and El Nino are all evidence of that.Global warming itself,however,is
as yet unproven.While evidence exists showing that certain areas have
suffered higher temperatures in recent years,the worldwide average
tropospheric (0-5 miles above the surface) temperature,as measured by
satellite,has in fact remained statistically constant since 1979
according to NASA's Global Hydrology and Climate Center.This is
contrasted with recent findings that the earth is in fact absorbing more
energy from the sun than it is transmitting into outer space.If true
this would mean that the earth is in fact heating up,but it is not yet
certain where this energy is going (some suspect it is responsible for
melting ice caps).Finally,there are significant difficulties,both
theoretical and technical,in simply measuring the changes in
temperature.Taking a meaningful average and finding changes on the order
of 0.1 degrees Celsius when the temperature in most parts of the world
fluctuates by up to 40 degrees daily is almost impossible statistically.
The preponderance of conflicting reports by reliable sources (it seems
unlikely that NASA was bribed to lie) and the experimental difficulty of
taking reasonable measurements and obtaining statistically valid results
all make it difficult to conclude with certainty that global warming is a
fact.Fortunately,it may not matter.
The mechanism by which the earth retains heat energy from the sun,due to
current theories,is based on the concept that energy from the sun that
is reflected from the ground will in turn be reflected back to earth by
"greenhouse gases" such as CO2,NO2,CH4,etc.The more greenhouse gases
present in the atmosphere,the more heat is retained and thus the rise in
global temperatures.The environmental activists argue that the global
warming phenomenon is due to increased human production of greenhouse
gases.Chief among these gases is carbon dioxide,produced by the burning
of fossil fuels.The logical conclusion is then that industry must be cut
back in order for global warming to abate.This deduction may be
inaccurate.First,industrial production of carbon dioxide is only a
small percentage of total CO2 emissions,most of which is due to
biological processes in organisms and volcanic activity (of which there
has been a significant increase in recent times).Secondly,CO2 is
responsible for very little of the total "greenhouse effect," most of
which is caused,interestingly enough,by gaseous water and atmospheric
water vapor鈥砪louds.Even if industrial waste production were to cease
entirely,no one has proven that the greenhouse effect would
significantly lessen,or that it would stop global warming altogether.
The fact of the matter is that the earth is one of the largest,most
complex chemical reactions known.Many of the mechanisms that account for
global climate patterns are unknown or poorly understood.Even the daily
weather,with 150 years of data available for study,cannot be predicted
for more than a few days in the future.Small changes in atmospheric
concentrations may have large impacts,for example,CFCs destroying the
ozone,and large changes may be absorbed by the maintenance of
equilibria,as in the carbon cycle,thus having their effects diminished.
As such,no scientist has yet been able say that industrial waste
production is definitely and irrefutably the cause of current aberrations
in weather and climate.At best,pro-warming scientists have been able to
suggest Americans "hedge their bets" and cut CO2 production.This may be
sound advice.However,we cannot irreparably damage our economy and
destroy millions of jobs without better evidence and definite proof.As
usual science should be left to the scientists,not the activists,
politicians,or lobbyists (of which there is an unhealthy abundance,both
industrial AND green).Educated action is warranted only after further
study and better understanding.